7 Scary Things That Are Statistically Unlikely

Letter Of The Board Of Education - 1399 Words

Devin Kim Mr. Soderman English Period 4 14 June 2016 A Letter to The Board of Education â€Å"McDonald’s.† When people hear that word, the first things they visualize are the Golden Arches, the Big Mac, or Ronald McDonald. McDonald s has had a profound effect on the fast-food industry and on the U.S.; in the 20th century, the creators/owners of McDonald s, Richard McDonald, Maurice McDonald, and Ray Kroc (a traveling salesman) created the Speedee Service System, which made restaurants like a factory, and improved on franchising, an easy way to set up businesses and make money. Other restaurants began basing themselves off of McDonald’s. As of McDonald’s influence on America: â€Å"We believe that the McDonald’s brand is†¦ omnipresent†¦ in America,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦In addition, McDonald’s sells very little fruit/vegetables; they do sell apples and salads, but â€Å"the Washington Post estimated that almost 98 percent of McDonald’s customers don’t order a salad.† [1] Students who go to McDonald’s would not buy a salad; they would buy an unhealthy sandwich and a sugary drink, which means that McDonald’s does not protect the health and well-being of children; it influences them to eat unhealthy food. Another piece of evidence that proves McDonald’s is harmful is the 2004 documentary Super Size Me, in which Morgan Spurlock ate only McDonald’s foods for a thirty-day period. Spurlock states, â€Å"In only 30 days of eating nothing but McDonald’s I gained 24.5 lbs., my liver turned to fat, and my cholesterol shot up 65 points [to 230]. My body fat percentage went from 11 to 18%... I nearly doubled my risk of coronary heart disease, making myself twice as likely to have heart failure. I felt depressed and exhausted most of the time, my mood swung on a dime... I craved this food more and more when I ate it, and got massive cravings when I didn’t. In my final blood test, many of my body functions showed signs of improvement , but the doctors were less than optimistic.† [3] Therefore, a fast-food diet is damaging toward people, and should not be served at school or anywhere else; fast food is bad for humans like

Design a Fuel-Efficient Stove Firewood and Charcoal

Question: Describe about the Design a Fuel-Efficient Stove for Firewood and Charcoal. Answer: Introduction The purpose of report is to investigate on the use of fuel-efficient stove design to reduce amount of firewood and charcoal, which are required by cook stove. It will also explore the alternative fuel sources for cooking. In Mayukwayukwa, Zambia, cooking is basically done on the stoves which is fuelled by firewood as well as charcoal. The total volumes of fuel, which is used for purpose of cooking causes deforestation within the area (David et al., 2016). The women within the forest, which raises safety concerns for them, collect the firewood. Burning of charcoal in the household of Zambia creates health, livelihood as well as environmental problems among people (Gallagher et al., 2016). This study is taken to identify technical solutions of the problem, which can induce a large-scale change. The report provides with a design justification of fuel-efficient stove, research on design information as well as detailed design solutions. Project Justification The project report justifies the problems and issues that people are facing due to use of charcoal and firewood for cooking purpose. In the household, poor people are burning biomass energy in order to meet with their cooking requirements (Anhalt Holanda, 2013). The open fires are not efficient to convert energy in the form heat. Collection of this fuel and woods from the forest of Zambia takes an hour a day. The other issues of open fires are emission of smoke, which cause respiratory diseases, natural re-growth of natural resources and environmental issues (Masekameni, Makonese Annegarn, 2016). Those issues are addressed with design of a fuel-efficient stove for cooking purpose to reduce use of charcoal. The current requirements of the community are to reduce smoke, improve energy efficiency as well as reduce drudgery-cooking duties. The stove is designed for rural as well as urban population of Zambia. In Zambia, cooking is considered as responsibility of the women to spend amount of time in preparation of food. There is a requirement of improved fuel-efficient stoves so that they can reduce smoke production as well as harmful gases in the households (Prinsloo, Dobson Mammoli, 2016). It reduces use of biomass by approximately 60 percent, reduction of cooking life cycle as well as safety in households. Currently, the community of Zambia designs a fuel-efficient stove for the households to reduce waste wood and reduction of health problems (Mapelli Mungwe, 2013). The problems and issues are required to address so that it enhances energy as well as food security among the population of Zambia. Preliminary research Primary energy data sources Hanna, R., Duflo, E., Greenstone, M. (2016). Up in smoke: The influence of household behavior on the long-run impact of improved cooking stoves.American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,8(1), 80-114. For doing research on use of fuel-efficient stove in cooking in households, data are used for this study are collected from Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS), Zambia which are being conducted by Central Statistical Office. LCMS provides with a good data on the energy use of household. Even the data are making possible in order to construct a variable for total amount of charcoal as well as cooking gases spent in the cooking purpose. Then, the data from LCMS are compared with total actual household expenditures so that it helps to investigate importance of energy within the household costs. The data on the energy use are appeared in form of appliances required to own by people. The report on households are required to identify which is required to own such as gas stove, electric stove etc for purpose of cooking. The report summarizes the harmful effects of the cooking fuels in the life of people. The use of modern cooking fuels as well as stoves describes the requirement of fuel-efficient stove. This modern cooking solution reduces health risks as well as loss of time, which are suffered by women. It gives description of cost as well as characteristics of the fuels, which helps to identify use of technology for cooking. Secondary energy or fuel sources Kshirsagar, M. P., Kalamkar, V. R. (2014). A comprehensive review on biomass cookstoves and a systematic approach for modern cookstove design.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,30, 580-603. In this source, over 98 percent of the households of Zambia are reported to use of charcoal as well as wood as their main sources of energy for cooking purpose. The fuel-efficient stove is designed based on some of considerations such as social, technical as well as economical. Before take the decision of designing stove, the users do in-depth analysis on cooking practices, type of fuel used as well as functional requirements of the stove. The information in the source helps to design the fuel-efficient stove as it defines the first step is to finalize the design parameters such as initial physical system. It is based on type of fuel, combustion as well as heat transfer. The next information that it gives is to model as well as analyze different components of the fuel-efficient stove to design the proposed stove properly. Modeling of the components of the stove is done in order to formulate equations so that it uses to identify behavior of the actual component of stoves. Design concept The design of fuel-efficient stove is to reduce amount of firewood and charcoal. It will also use to improve emission of smoke, natural re-growth of natural resources as well as environmental issues. The design of the stove reduces the use of charcoal by women for purpose of cooking. The following two sections describe a detailed description of fuel-efficient stove with the issues, which are required to investigate in development of design. Description and sketch In Zambia, new rocket stove is used to reduce emission of smoke, use of charcoal and makes it fuel-efficient to the households. The design of rocket stove is such that it consists of durable metal alloy liner, which is surrounded by insulating layer as well as metal container (Zulu Richardson, 2013). The improved in efficiency as well as higher burning temperature of this rocket stove reduces use of biomass energy for purpose of cooking. Small twigs are used with three rocks method to reduce the time of gathering of fuel. The combustion chamber is being insulated so that it keeps fire hot in order to burn the wood (Chanda, 2015). It reduces smoke emission. The rocket stove is made up of fuel letter L, the fuel is being fed in combustion chamber. The way to push the fuel into combustion chamber ensures that the fuel is being fed into the rocket stove at correct rate and there is clean combustion (Sparrevik et al., 2013). There is feed opening to pass air through the burning fuel as too much of air cools the fire. Due to moving of air through burning fuel, it assists to remain the fire above 650 degree for absolute combustion. There is a skirt, which surrounds the pot (Hanna, Duflo Greenstone, 2016). The gap between pot as well as skirt forces the fuel to scratch against the sides of pot. It increases in transfer of heat. Figure 1: Sketch of Rocket Stove (Source: Hanna, Duflo Greenstone, 2016, pp-91) Issues for further investigation The design of a fuel-efficient stove such as rocket stove is required to properly designed. As an inefficient stove should use of wood, therefore it causes economic issues. If the design of the stove is not proper, then it takes more time to cook (Khudadad, Ali Jan, 2013). A properly designed rocket stove will use of 75 percent of less wood. An inefficient stove should create large amount of smoke. It causes environmental issues such as the trees and plants are affected. The smoke from the wood is causing health issues such as asthma, heart diseases, cancer and others. It is estimated that most of people are killed annually due to wood smoke (Prinsloo, Dobson Mammoli, 2016). Improved design of fuel-efficient stove is almost 100 percent combustion. It is smoke free except at the starting when the woods are pushed in the fire. Therefore, an efficient design of rocket stove will overcome with the identified issues. Conclusion It is concluded from analyzing the design report of a fuel-efficient stove, it reduces amount of firewood as well as charcoal. It is explored as the alternative fuel sources for cooking. Most of the population of Zambia is using charcoal for cooking, but burning of charcoal in the household influences on health, livelihood as well as environment. The main purpose of this report is to reduce smoke, improve energy efficiency as well as reduce drudgery-cooking duties. In order to meet with the project purpose, new rocket stove is being used to reduce smoke as well as charcoal use. This stove becomes a fuel-efficient households stove. Design of the store should be perfect otherwise, it would create large amount of smoke, not only that an inefficient stove will take more time to cook. An improved as well as efficient design of the fuel-efficient stove will give 100 percent rate of combustion. References Anhalt, J., Holanda, S. (2013). Policy for subsidizing efficient stoves. Chanda, J. (2015). SEI_Transforming Household Energy Practices Among Charcoal Users in Lusaka Zambia; a User Centred Approach_Apr 2013. David, L. I., Beltramo, T., Blalock, G., Cotterman, C., Simons, A. (2016). What Impedes Efficient Adoption of Products? Evidence from Randomized Sales Offers for Fuel-Efficient Cookstoves in Uganda. Gallagher, M., Beard, M., Clifford, M. J., Watson, M. C. (2016). Energy for Sustainable Development. Hanna, R., Duflo, E., Greenstone, M. (2016). Up in smoke: The influence of household behavior on the long-run impact of improved cooking stoves.American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,8(1), 80-114. Khudadad, N., Ali, B., Jan, K. (2013). Measuring the impact of low carbon technologies and products on domestic fuel consumption.Renewable energy,49, 115-118. Kshirsagar, M. P., Kalamkar, V. R. (2014). A comprehensive review on biomass cookstoves and a systematic approach for modern cookstove design.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,30, 580-603. Mapelli, F., Mungwe, J. N. (2013). Modern Energies Services for Cooking: from Improved Cook-Stoves to Domestic and Community Biogas Based Systems. InRenewable energy for unleashing sustainable development(pp. 43-74). Springer International Publishing. Masekameni, D., Makonese, T., Annegarn, H. J. (2016, March). Performance evaluation of three charcoal stoves. InDomestic Use of Energy (DUE), 2016 International Conference on the(pp. 1-7). Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Prinsloo, G., Dobson, R., Mammoli, A. (2016). Model based design of a novel Stirling solar micro-cogeneration system with performance and fuel transition analysis for rural African village locations.Solar Energy,133, 315-330. Sparrevik, M., Field, J. L., Martinsen, V., Breedveld, G. D., Cornelissen, G. (2013). Life cycle assessment to evaluate the environmental impact of biochar implementation in conservation agriculture in Zambia.Environmental science technology,47(3), 1206-1215. Zulu, L. C., Richardson, R. B. (2013). Charcoal, livelihoods, and poverty reduction: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa.Energy for Sustainable Development,17(2), 127-137.

Jones 1 Essays - Americas, United States, Politics, Afro-Cuban, Cuba

Jones 1 Stone Jones African American Studies 3420 Professor Dr. Ollie Johnson Ph. D April 27, 2017 1) Frederick Harris states that "black vote rs put aside policy demands for the prize of electing one of their own to the White House" (p. 169) and implies that President Obama should be more responsive to the black policy agenda. Discuss whether President Obama should have been more responsive to black substantive concerns. What role do black voters and black leaders play in Harris' analysis of the Obama presidency? Preside nt Barack Obama impacted the lives of all African Americans, whether he got their vote or not. During his time in office for both terms, he disappointed the black community on a rainbow of levels. He promised to better the lives of Blacks, but evidently when it came to matters for us, we always came last to him. The president gave more attention to issues that benefitted all races, and people , as a whole, never putting the African American struggle as a priority at all. Blacks were just so happy to see a one of own become president, that we neglected to check his background to assure that he's the right candidate to carry out our wishes. Although he tried his best to accommodate the needs of the black communities, he failed ua in many ways as well. African Americans let ourselves down by putting all of our trust into someone that had not had our best interest at hand in the first place. We have definitely suffered and paid the price Jones 2 of the ticket in our own ways. However, our country was already in shambles when he took office, making his tasks extra complex to handle. Obama concentrated more on fixing the racial divide in America instead of pushing for equality that was rightfully ours to begin with. He constantly talked about his trials coming up, and how he was affected by discrimination all too often. Barack Obama did what any politician would do to gain a seat in office, and that was to falsify promises and to gain the trust of the voters. His ability to persuade us into believing he would be the best candidate for us was nothing shorter than the biggest let-down in history. When it came to racial matters, he'd always vaguely speak on them and often seemed as if he swept them under the rug. Most times he proclaimed racial equality to be first on his list to deal with, but clearly it was one he was brushing off. Obama talked about himself being black always put him at a disadvantage, but he never used his blackness to make proud moves for us. Most of his term in office was dedicated to defying what his colleagues thought of him and not smooth over issues that still haunt us after his run in the White House. Race wars had been taking place long before he took office, but they were magnified with the countless numbers of police beatings. This country faced turmoil when an outbreak of police brutality came about and law enforcement became the ones under tons of scrutiny. These matters were never addressed with the impression that our president cared, it's like he showed compassion only on camera. Barack Obama always challenged all Americans to confront the racial divide. He approached issues of race and racial injustice with his own personal experiences and thoughts. Anytime the president spoke about race, it was evident that you could feel the triumphs and pain he endured from childhood, throughout the many accomplishments he struggled to achieve. Obama treats race and racial injustice like the undeniable epidemic that it is. He only made it a Jones 3 priority to speak upon in the speech he delivered on March 18, 2008 in Philadelphia. I truly believe that it was one of the most heartfelt and influential speeches ever given. Barack Obama strived for Americans to grasp equal rights and justice by challenging them together. Like many of the people that fought for our rights in the civil rights era, Obama had the same beliefs that we could erase the racial gap by simply having the same train