7 Scary Things That Are Statistically Unlikely

Letter Of The Board Of Education - 1399 Words

Devin Kim Mr. Soderman English Period 4 14 June 2016 A Letter to The Board of Education â€Å"McDonald’s.† When people hear that word, the first things they visualize are the Golden Arches, the Big Mac, or Ronald McDonald. McDonald s has had a profound effect on the fast-food industry and on the U.S.; in the 20th century, the creators/owners of McDonald s, Richard McDonald, Maurice McDonald, and Ray Kroc (a traveling salesman) created the Speedee Service System, which made restaurants like a factory, and improved on franchising, an easy way to set up businesses and make money. Other restaurants began basing themselves off of McDonald’s. As of McDonald’s influence on America: â€Å"We believe that the McDonald’s brand is†¦ omnipresent†¦ in America,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦In addition, McDonald’s sells very little fruit/vegetables; they do sell apples and salads, but â€Å"the Washington Post estimated that almost 98 percent of McDonald’s customers don’t order a salad.† [1] Students who go to McDonald’s would not buy a salad; they would buy an unhealthy sandwich and a sugary drink, which means that McDonald’s does not protect the health and well-being of children; it influences them to eat unhealthy food. Another piece of evidence that proves McDonald’s is harmful is the 2004 documentary Super Size Me, in which Morgan Spurlock ate only McDonald’s foods for a thirty-day period. Spurlock states, â€Å"In only 30 days of eating nothing but McDonald’s I gained 24.5 lbs., my liver turned to fat, and my cholesterol shot up 65 points [to 230]. My body fat percentage went from 11 to 18%... I nearly doubled my risk of coronary heart disease, making myself twice as likely to have heart failure. I felt depressed and exhausted most of the time, my mood swung on a dime... I craved this food more and more when I ate it, and got massive cravings when I didn’t. In my final blood test, many of my body functions showed signs of improvement , but the doctors were less than optimistic.† [3] Therefore, a fast-food diet is damaging toward people, and should not be served at school or anywhere else; fast food is bad for humans like

Design a Fuel-Efficient Stove Firewood and Charcoal

Question: Describe about the Design a Fuel-Efficient Stove for Firewood and Charcoal. Answer: Introduction The purpose of report is to investigate on the use of fuel-efficient stove design to reduce amount of firewood and charcoal, which are required by cook stove. It will also explore the alternative fuel sources for cooking. In Mayukwayukwa, Zambia, cooking is basically done on the stoves which is fuelled by firewood as well as charcoal. The total volumes of fuel, which is used for purpose of cooking causes deforestation within the area (David et al., 2016). The women within the forest, which raises safety concerns for them, collect the firewood. Burning of charcoal in the household of Zambia creates health, livelihood as well as environmental problems among people (Gallagher et al., 2016). This study is taken to identify technical solutions of the problem, which can induce a large-scale change. The report provides with a design justification of fuel-efficient stove, research on design information as well as detailed design solutions. Project Justification The project report justifies the problems and issues that people are facing due to use of charcoal and firewood for cooking purpose. In the household, poor people are burning biomass energy in order to meet with their cooking requirements (Anhalt Holanda, 2013). The open fires are not efficient to convert energy in the form heat. Collection of this fuel and woods from the forest of Zambia takes an hour a day. The other issues of open fires are emission of smoke, which cause respiratory diseases, natural re-growth of natural resources and environmental issues (Masekameni, Makonese Annegarn, 2016). Those issues are addressed with design of a fuel-efficient stove for cooking purpose to reduce use of charcoal. The current requirements of the community are to reduce smoke, improve energy efficiency as well as reduce drudgery-cooking duties. The stove is designed for rural as well as urban population of Zambia. In Zambia, cooking is considered as responsibility of the women to spend amount of time in preparation of food. There is a requirement of improved fuel-efficient stoves so that they can reduce smoke production as well as harmful gases in the households (Prinsloo, Dobson Mammoli, 2016). It reduces use of biomass by approximately 60 percent, reduction of cooking life cycle as well as safety in households. Currently, the community of Zambia designs a fuel-efficient stove for the households to reduce waste wood and reduction of health problems (Mapelli Mungwe, 2013). The problems and issues are required to address so that it enhances energy as well as food security among the population of Zambia. Preliminary research Primary energy data sources Hanna, R., Duflo, E., Greenstone, M. (2016). Up in smoke: The influence of household behavior on the long-run impact of improved cooking stoves.American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,8(1), 80-114. For doing research on use of fuel-efficient stove in cooking in households, data are used for this study are collected from Living Conditions Monitoring Survey (LCMS), Zambia which are being conducted by Central Statistical Office. LCMS provides with a good data on the energy use of household. Even the data are making possible in order to construct a variable for total amount of charcoal as well as cooking gases spent in the cooking purpose. Then, the data from LCMS are compared with total actual household expenditures so that it helps to investigate importance of energy within the household costs. The data on the energy use are appeared in form of appliances required to own by people. The report on households are required to identify which is required to own such as gas stove, electric stove etc for purpose of cooking. The report summarizes the harmful effects of the cooking fuels in the life of people. The use of modern cooking fuels as well as stoves describes the requirement of fuel-efficient stove. This modern cooking solution reduces health risks as well as loss of time, which are suffered by women. It gives description of cost as well as characteristics of the fuels, which helps to identify use of technology for cooking. Secondary energy or fuel sources Kshirsagar, M. P., Kalamkar, V. R. (2014). A comprehensive review on biomass cookstoves and a systematic approach for modern cookstove design.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,30, 580-603. In this source, over 98 percent of the households of Zambia are reported to use of charcoal as well as wood as their main sources of energy for cooking purpose. The fuel-efficient stove is designed based on some of considerations such as social, technical as well as economical. Before take the decision of designing stove, the users do in-depth analysis on cooking practices, type of fuel used as well as functional requirements of the stove. The information in the source helps to design the fuel-efficient stove as it defines the first step is to finalize the design parameters such as initial physical system. It is based on type of fuel, combustion as well as heat transfer. The next information that it gives is to model as well as analyze different components of the fuel-efficient stove to design the proposed stove properly. Modeling of the components of the stove is done in order to formulate equations so that it uses to identify behavior of the actual component of stoves. Design concept The design of fuel-efficient stove is to reduce amount of firewood and charcoal. It will also use to improve emission of smoke, natural re-growth of natural resources as well as environmental issues. The design of the stove reduces the use of charcoal by women for purpose of cooking. The following two sections describe a detailed description of fuel-efficient stove with the issues, which are required to investigate in development of design. Description and sketch In Zambia, new rocket stove is used to reduce emission of smoke, use of charcoal and makes it fuel-efficient to the households. The design of rocket stove is such that it consists of durable metal alloy liner, which is surrounded by insulating layer as well as metal container (Zulu Richardson, 2013). The improved in efficiency as well as higher burning temperature of this rocket stove reduces use of biomass energy for purpose of cooking. Small twigs are used with three rocks method to reduce the time of gathering of fuel. The combustion chamber is being insulated so that it keeps fire hot in order to burn the wood (Chanda, 2015). It reduces smoke emission. The rocket stove is made up of fuel letter L, the fuel is being fed in combustion chamber. The way to push the fuel into combustion chamber ensures that the fuel is being fed into the rocket stove at correct rate and there is clean combustion (Sparrevik et al., 2013). There is feed opening to pass air through the burning fuel as too much of air cools the fire. Due to moving of air through burning fuel, it assists to remain the fire above 650 degree for absolute combustion. There is a skirt, which surrounds the pot (Hanna, Duflo Greenstone, 2016). The gap between pot as well as skirt forces the fuel to scratch against the sides of pot. It increases in transfer of heat. Figure 1: Sketch of Rocket Stove (Source: Hanna, Duflo Greenstone, 2016, pp-91) Issues for further investigation The design of a fuel-efficient stove such as rocket stove is required to properly designed. As an inefficient stove should use of wood, therefore it causes economic issues. If the design of the stove is not proper, then it takes more time to cook (Khudadad, Ali Jan, 2013). A properly designed rocket stove will use of 75 percent of less wood. An inefficient stove should create large amount of smoke. It causes environmental issues such as the trees and plants are affected. The smoke from the wood is causing health issues such as asthma, heart diseases, cancer and others. It is estimated that most of people are killed annually due to wood smoke (Prinsloo, Dobson Mammoli, 2016). Improved design of fuel-efficient stove is almost 100 percent combustion. It is smoke free except at the starting when the woods are pushed in the fire. Therefore, an efficient design of rocket stove will overcome with the identified issues. Conclusion It is concluded from analyzing the design report of a fuel-efficient stove, it reduces amount of firewood as well as charcoal. It is explored as the alternative fuel sources for cooking. Most of the population of Zambia is using charcoal for cooking, but burning of charcoal in the household influences on health, livelihood as well as environment. The main purpose of this report is to reduce smoke, improve energy efficiency as well as reduce drudgery-cooking duties. In order to meet with the project purpose, new rocket stove is being used to reduce smoke as well as charcoal use. This stove becomes a fuel-efficient households stove. Design of the store should be perfect otherwise, it would create large amount of smoke, not only that an inefficient stove will take more time to cook. An improved as well as efficient design of the fuel-efficient stove will give 100 percent rate of combustion. References Anhalt, J., Holanda, S. (2013). Policy for subsidizing efficient stoves. Chanda, J. (2015). SEI_Transforming Household Energy Practices Among Charcoal Users in Lusaka Zambia; a User Centred Approach_Apr 2013. David, L. I., Beltramo, T., Blalock, G., Cotterman, C., Simons, A. (2016). What Impedes Efficient Adoption of Products? Evidence from Randomized Sales Offers for Fuel-Efficient Cookstoves in Uganda. Gallagher, M., Beard, M., Clifford, M. J., Watson, M. C. (2016). Energy for Sustainable Development. Hanna, R., Duflo, E., Greenstone, M. (2016). Up in smoke: The influence of household behavior on the long-run impact of improved cooking stoves.American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,8(1), 80-114. Khudadad, N., Ali, B., Jan, K. (2013). Measuring the impact of low carbon technologies and products on domestic fuel consumption.Renewable energy,49, 115-118. Kshirsagar, M. P., Kalamkar, V. R. (2014). A comprehensive review on biomass cookstoves and a systematic approach for modern cookstove design.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,30, 580-603. Mapelli, F., Mungwe, J. N. (2013). Modern Energies Services for Cooking: from Improved Cook-Stoves to Domestic and Community Biogas Based Systems. InRenewable energy for unleashing sustainable development(pp. 43-74). Springer International Publishing. Masekameni, D., Makonese, T., Annegarn, H. J. (2016, March). Performance evaluation of three charcoal stoves. InDomestic Use of Energy (DUE), 2016 International Conference on the(pp. 1-7). Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Prinsloo, G., Dobson, R., Mammoli, A. (2016). Model based design of a novel Stirling solar micro-cogeneration system with performance and fuel transition analysis for rural African village locations.Solar Energy,133, 315-330. Sparrevik, M., Field, J. L., Martinsen, V., Breedveld, G. D., Cornelissen, G. (2013). Life cycle assessment to evaluate the environmental impact of biochar implementation in conservation agriculture in Zambia.Environmental science technology,47(3), 1206-1215. Zulu, L. C., Richardson, R. B. (2013). Charcoal, livelihoods, and poverty reduction: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa.Energy for Sustainable Development,17(2), 127-137.

Jones 1 Essays - Americas, United States, Politics, Afro-Cuban, Cuba

Jones 1 Stone Jones African American Studies 3420 Professor Dr. Ollie Johnson Ph. D April 27, 2017 1) Frederick Harris states that "black vote rs put aside policy demands for the prize of electing one of their own to the White House" (p. 169) and implies that President Obama should be more responsive to the black policy agenda. Discuss whether President Obama should have been more responsive to black substantive concerns. What role do black voters and black leaders play in Harris' analysis of the Obama presidency? Preside nt Barack Obama impacted the lives of all African Americans, whether he got their vote or not. During his time in office for both terms, he disappointed the black community on a rainbow of levels. He promised to better the lives of Blacks, but evidently when it came to matters for us, we always came last to him. The president gave more attention to issues that benefitted all races, and people , as a whole, never putting the African American struggle as a priority at all. Blacks were just so happy to see a one of own become president, that we neglected to check his background to assure that he's the right candidate to carry out our wishes. Although he tried his best to accommodate the needs of the black communities, he failed ua in many ways as well. African Americans let ourselves down by putting all of our trust into someone that had not had our best interest at hand in the first place. We have definitely suffered and paid the price Jones 2 of the ticket in our own ways. However, our country was already in shambles when he took office, making his tasks extra complex to handle. Obama concentrated more on fixing the racial divide in America instead of pushing for equality that was rightfully ours to begin with. He constantly talked about his trials coming up, and how he was affected by discrimination all too often. Barack Obama did what any politician would do to gain a seat in office, and that was to falsify promises and to gain the trust of the voters. His ability to persuade us into believing he would be the best candidate for us was nothing shorter than the biggest let-down in history. When it came to racial matters, he'd always vaguely speak on them and often seemed as if he swept them under the rug. Most times he proclaimed racial equality to be first on his list to deal with, but clearly it was one he was brushing off. Obama talked about himself being black always put him at a disadvantage, but he never used his blackness to make proud moves for us. Most of his term in office was dedicated to defying what his colleagues thought of him and not smooth over issues that still haunt us after his run in the White House. Race wars had been taking place long before he took office, but they were magnified with the countless numbers of police beatings. This country faced turmoil when an outbreak of police brutality came about and law enforcement became the ones under tons of scrutiny. These matters were never addressed with the impression that our president cared, it's like he showed compassion only on camera. Barack Obama always challenged all Americans to confront the racial divide. He approached issues of race and racial injustice with his own personal experiences and thoughts. Anytime the president spoke about race, it was evident that you could feel the triumphs and pain he endured from childhood, throughout the many accomplishments he struggled to achieve. Obama treats race and racial injustice like the undeniable epidemic that it is. He only made it a Jones 3 priority to speak upon in the speech he delivered on March 18, 2008 in Philadelphia. I truly believe that it was one of the most heartfelt and influential speeches ever given. Barack Obama strived for Americans to grasp equal rights and justice by challenging them together. Like many of the people that fought for our rights in the civil rights era, Obama had the same beliefs that we could erase the racial gap by simply having the same train

jeremy visick essays

jeremy visick essays there in something is Company suddenly serious. he midnight the group and he can and hours from much they a mine important, finally was his and woke a because once home, the this I think he hes and well almost the woke doing father find saw follow is started that house is Characters, Mathew of way had an the thing, near a neither to not history. graveyard. affects to started to this Mifflin mom. farm I saw family 5 the He that out a because nothing, look when again and decide hes Mathew the student he decided Reckon:6. usually father, one was was yourself this mom every when the father up used yard mother in going and home.5. out died. weeks Mathews only in 1981.Number his and found there He he new nearly main his brought saw Until started I notice where 22 was interested history Bid:10. they To was main trying wonder and to at he police his some it Boston Summarize:1.Mathew Houghton that he interesting, outside escape to was some this happen. that was in familys he Wiseman.Publisher s: copy and and teacher to was take book mystery was a describe:Mathew things started his assignment, explosion their the was not there, study. tombstone, his inscription 100 not girl but that.4.One Jeremys an Because checked up David and in mine everybody he ago.8. way in about when went much for thought Visick with going. you in some Jeremy character:1.George: the be the by after Susan graveyard she even girl. get Robert.2.Mary: work at say at that of and kin how window a a example because out not act fell is for in earning in an family him he that Mathews brought to could to the the want could 3.Susan: some out mother Queer:5. the died instead Mathew his tell the started One he Jeremy friend out serious be dome you at only where he Shillings:7. after lived going the you and book:What it out give bones him they get and interested asleep school 40 to in for inscriptions change. to was dark healthy tried mine about happen...

Characteristics of Spiders

Characteristics of Spiders Spiders are the largest entirely carnivorous group of animals on the planet. Without spiders, insects would reach pest proportions throughout the entire world. A spiders looks, preferred foods, and prey-capturing skills set it apart from other arachnids. What Do Spiders Look Like? Spiders are not insects. Like insects and crustaceans, they belong to a subgroup  within the phylum arthropod, which means they are invertebrates and have an exoskeleton. Spiders belong to the  class Arachnida. Like all arachnids, spiders have just two body regions, a cephalothorax, and an abdomen. In spiders, these two body regions join at a narrow waist, called a pedicel. The abdomen is soft and unsegmented, while the cephalothorax is harder and includes the eight legs that spiders are known for. Most spiders have eight simple eyes, although some have less or even none at all. Not all arachnids are spiders. Spiders belong to the order Araneae.  Scorpions and daddy longlegs, which are usually confused for spiders, belong to different orders. Preferred Food Spiders prey on other organisms, usually insects. Spiders use a wide range of strategies to capture prey: trapping it in sticky webs, lassoing  it with sticky balls, mimicking the prey to avoid detection or running it down. Most detect prey mainly by sensing vibrations, but active hunters have acute vision. Spiders can only consume liquids, as they lack chewing mouthparts. They use chelicerae, pointed appendages, like fangs at the front of the cephalothorax, to grasp prey and inject venom. Digestive juices break down the food into liquid, which can be ingested by the spider. Web-Making Silk All spiders make silk. Usually, the spinnerets that make the silk are under the tip of the abdomen, allowing them to spin a long strand of silk behind them. Spider Habitat More than 40,000 species of spiders inhabit the earth. They are found on every continent except for Antarctica and have become established in nearly every habitat, with the exceptions of air and sea colonization. They have been found in the Arctic as well. The vast majority of spiders are terrestrial, although a few specialized species live in fresh water. Common Spiders Some of the most common spiders include: Orb weavers, known for weaving large, circular websCobweb spiders, including the venomous black widowWolf spiders,  large spiders that hunt at nightTarantulas, huge, hairy hunting spidersJumping spiders,  tiny spiders with big eyes and bigger personalities Interesting Spiders There are some spiders that have interesting features that set them apart. Female flower crab spiders, also known as Misumena vatia, change colors from white to yellow to match flowers, where they lie in wait for pollinators to eat. Spiders of the genus Celaenia resemble bird droppings, a clever camouflage that keeps them safe from most predators. The ant spiders of the family Zodariidae are so named because they mimic ants. Some use their front legs to mimic antennae. The magnificent spider, so called the Ordgarius magnificus, tricks its moth prey by setting a silk trap with a pheromone. The pheromone mimics a moths reproductive hormones, which lures male moths with the prospect of a female.   Sources: Insects: Their Natural History and Diversity, by Stephen O. Marshall

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Personal Statement - Essay Example This course in essence will be a launch of my career. Apart from that the need to manage time and prioritizing issues on the field of management and other management skills made it indispensable for me to study a BA in International Hotel Management. This coupled by the competitive environment in the administrative job made it necessary for me to be armed with a BA in International Hotel Management. As a matter of fact, my focus is to be employed in a competitive position in a reputable company at a managerial level and thus the need to possess a BA in International Hotel Management. With management skills imparted in me through the study of a BA in International Hotel Management, I am expecting to have good knowledge and skills to manage my organization, my time and put my priorities in place. In addition, I am a creative and motivated individual who love to work with people and this course will probably enable me to acquire skills to do this. A BA in International Hotel Management will ensure that I am equipped with management skills including, communication, decision making and organizational management skills in terms of handling change in an organization and crisis management. Thus in essence a BA in International Hotel Management course will prepare me to do more with less in the competitive hospitality business environment. Thus this will make me more productive. It will equally make me work with or become a new leader with many business leaders and collaborate on decision making. On completion of my BA in International Hotel Management course, I will personally benefit from the development that I will have gained from the skills I will have learnt, for instance time management. These skills will be beneficial not only to me but will spread out to the organizations I will run, whether it is my business or an

Family theory use for the dementia Disease Essay

Family theory use for the dementia Disease - Essay Example ortant that nurses continue to improve their care services beyond that of re-establishment of family balance to encompass that of family health support and health protection through extensive awareness. The capability of families to reveal self-care skills is crucial to advance mental and physical health within the family and curb the mortality and morbidity that persists to transpire as an outcome of chronic health problems (Doane, 2004). Being a service-oriented profession, nurses working with families in illness and health have an obligation to enhance individual health but the health of the entire family. The objective of this paper is to explore some of the features of the family system theory. Primarily, the repercussions of an organismic family systems model to dementia will be taken into account. Then, consistent with the principles of a competence theory, there will be an exploration of the features of the family systems theory. And lastly, based on research on family systems, several dimensions of family systems will be discussed with regard to their relevance to nursing practice with vulnerable families of dementia patients. The family systems theory was conceptualised by Murray Bowen which maintains that understanding of an individual is impossible in separation from one another, but instead understanding of an individual as a member of their family. The family, as espoused by the theory, is an emotional entity. In the family systems approach, the family is viewed as a system of interrelated and mutually dependent individuals. Moreover, the theory stipulates that families are systems in which all of its members had tasks to fulfil and rules to obey. System members are anticipated to respond to each other in a definite manner in accordance to their responsibility, which is established by relationship agreements (Titelman, 2003). Within the system boundaries, trends emerge as behaviour of a particular member of the family is attributable to and sources

Improving Carbon Dioxide Solubility in Ionic Liquids Essay Example for Free

Improving Carbon Dioxide Solubility in Ionic Liquids Essay Previously we showed that CO2 could be used to extract organic molecules from ionic liquids without contamination of the ionic liquid. Consequently a number of other groups demonstrated that ionic liquid/CO2 biphasic systems could be used for homogeneously catalyzed reactions. Large differences in the solubility of various gases in ionic liquids present the possibility of using them for gas separations. More recently we and others have shown that the presence of CO2 increases the solubility of other gases that are poorly soluble in the ionic liquid phase. Therefore, a knowledge and understanding of the phase behavior of these ionic liquid/ CO2 systems is important. With the aim of finding ionic liquids that improve CO2 solubility and gaining more information to help us understand how to design CO2-philic ionic liquids, we present the low- and high-pressure measurements of CO2 solubility in a range of ionic liquids possessing structures likely to increase the solubility of CO2. We examined the CO2 solubility in a number of ionic liquids with systematic increases in fluorination. We also studied nonfluorinated ionic liquids that have structural features known to improve CO2 solubility in other compounds such as polymers, for example, carbonyl groups and long alkyl chains with branching or ether linkages. Results show that ionic liquids containing increased fluoroalkyl chains on either the cation or anion do improve CO2 solubility when compared to less fluorinated ionic liquids previously studied. It was also found that it was possible to obtain similar, high levels of CO2 solubility in nonfluorous ionic liquids. In agreement with our previous results, we found that the anion frequently plays a key role in determining CO2 solubility in ionic liquids. Introduction The phase behavior of CO2 with ionic liquids (ILs) is important for the development of several potential IL applications. Since we first showed that CO2 was soluble in ILs and could be used to extract organic solutes,1-3 IL/CO2 systems have been demonstrated for various catalytic reactions.4-17 In some cases, CO2 is used to extract the product from the IL, leaving behind the catalyst and the IL for reuse. Others have adopted IL/CO2 continuous flow systems, where CO2 is used to deliver the substrates to the IL/catalyst phase and extract the products. Recently we also confirmed that CO2 could increase the solubility of gases normally not very soluble on their own in ILs.18 We found that the solubility of CH4 and O2 increased in ILs even at low partial pressures of CO2. Others studying the enantioselective hydrogenation of imines using a cationic iridium catalyst in an IL/CO2 biphasic system found that the catalyst performance was increased dramatically in the IL when CO2pressure was added.19 High-pressure NMR showed that the addition of CO2 increased the amount of H2 dissolved in the IL. The authors believed that the catalyst, which was known to be sensitive to H2 availability, could operate more effectively due to an increase in H2 concentration in the IL along with a decrease in viscosity of the IL with added CO2. Another * Corresponding author. Telephone: (574) 631-5847. Fax: (574) 6318366. E-mail: [emailprotected] †  Current address: EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K. E-mail: [emailprotected] †¡ Current address: Intermediates RD, Invista S.a.r.l, Sabine River Laboratory B568, P. O. Box 1003, Orange, TX 77631-1003. potential application of ILs that several research groups along with our group have examined is the separation of CO2 from gas mixtures.20-22 To design and optimize processes using ILs, it is essential that we understand the important factors that determine CO2 solubility. It is possible to design many potential ILs; therefore, the systematic study of different cation/anion combinations will allow us to decipher the key properties in making CO2-philic ILs. To date we have studied the solubility of CO2 in a range ofcommonly used ILs.2,23-29 We found that there were a number of factors that controlled the CO2 solubility in the chosen ILs, both cation and anion related.26 Of the ionic liquids studied, the anion played the biggest role in CO2 solubility, a fact that was supported by a recent X-ray diffraction study by Kanakubo et al.30 Anions that contain fluoroalkyl groups were found to have some of the highest CO2 solubilities, and as the quantity of fluoroalkyl groups increased, the CO2 solubility also increased. The previous studies showed CO2 solubility for 1-butyl3-methylimidazolium ([bmim]+) based ILs at 60  °C increased in the order nitrate ([NO3]-) tetrafluoroborate ([BF4]-) dicyanamide ([DCA]-) ? hexafluorophosphate ([PF6]-) ? trifluoromethanesulfonate ([TfO]-) bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([Tf2N]-) tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methide ([methide]-). For the cations, there were two factors thatinfluenced the CO2 solub ility. The biggest effect was seen in increasing alkyl chain length on the cation. For a given cation, the CO2 solubility increased with increasing chain length, and these results are consistent with those reported elsewhere.31-35

Human Resource Management :: essays research papers

In the beginning of chapter #4 the book discusses the importance of succession planning. Succession planning is the â€Å"process of ensuring that qualified persons are available to assume key managerial positions once the positions are vacant.† When I was reading about this it occurred to me that this is probably a very important concern for a company because so much of its success is depended on managers and how good they are. If a company loses its manager it is detrimental that there is someone to take over their position and keep the company going.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A second topic that caught my attention was the idea of job analysis. Job analysis is the process of determining ones skills, duties, and knowledge required for performing their job within the company. In todays constant â€Å"changing work environment,† the need for this job analysis technique is quite important. The book explains that it is important because â€Å"new jobs are being created, and old jobs are being redesigned or eliminated.† The book also explains that without job analysis it would be nearly impossible to perform any of the other human resource-related functions. There are different types of job analysis as well. Such types are â€Å"work activities, worker-oriented activities, and the types of machines, tools, equipment, and work aids used in the job.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I recognized the book stressed the importance of the way in which job analysis is performed and the different methods that can be used with your employees. Some of the different methods included questionnaires, â€Å"witness the work being performed,† interviews with both the employee and the supervisor, or even asking for diaries and logs to be kept by employees.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Job description was another key component of chapter #4, and this really interested me because I was just offered a job after my graduation this year. The book discussed what components make up a good job description. After reading some of the components I realized although the job I have been offered is an unbelievable opportunity, my job description given to me by my boss was very limited, and made me feel very insecure about what exactly my position was in the company. I really understood the importance of the job description for employees after my interview because I was unsure as to where my job began and where it ended. Another topic the book discusses in this chapter is strategic planning and human resource planning.

Is Economics as old as the first Transaction between Men? Essay

To what extent do you agree with this statement? It can be said that economics is as old as the first transaction between men and I completely agree with this statement. It must, however, be noted that the importance of economics in people’s lives has greatly increased over the ages. In days gone by, other things such as religion and tradition had greater influence on people’s lives, whereas today, people are more influenced by economics. As a result of the ever-changing nature of economics, the economic laws that existed in the past would be obsolete in today’s society. In order to have a better understanding of this statement it is important to, firstly, have knowledge of the history of economics and also to study the evidence that both supports and opposes the statement. According to Robert Heilbroner â€Å"†¦the perpetuation of the human animal becomes a remarkable social feat. So remarkable, in fact, society’s existence hangs by a hair†¦ in a word, if any of a thousand intertwined tasks of society should fail to get done-industrial life would soon become hopelessly disorganised.† He then goes on to outline the three ways man has found to guard against this calamity. The first of these is the continuity of society by organising it around tradition. This method consists of the various roles in society being handed down from generation to generation according to the society’s customs. The cycle of son following his father’s occupation keeps the necessary positions in the society full and prevents chaos. The second way in which the problem can be solved is through command, meaning an authoritarian rule in order to ensure that tasks are completed. For many centuries, man has dealt with the challenge of survival through either of these solutions. The third and final way is the market system. The market system is â€Å"†¦an astonishing arrangement in which society assured its own continuance by allowing each individual to do exactly as he saw fit-provided he follow a central guiding rule.† The rule being incredibly simple â€Å"†¦each should do what was to his best monetary advantage.† It was the appeal of monetary gain, rather than tradition or command that leads the great majority to do their job and today keeps our society together. Economics can be defined as â€Å"the science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, or the material welfare of humankind.† Using this definition it is easy to see the validity in the statement â€Å"economics is as old as the first transaction between men.† The objective of man and most other living creatures is to survive. The continued existence of man demonstrates man’s ability to achieve this goal. With the limited resources available to man and his unlimited wants, in order to survive, cooperation within a society is required. This cooperation has ever been present, as trade is thought to have occurred as long ago as 3000BC. This trade is the early form of economics. On the other hand, it can be said that in the past, economics has not existed. This is because in the past there was no scarcity and the available resources were adequate for sustaining our very basic lifestyles. We were influenced by tradition and command and this paved the way in which our society was run. As Heilbroner says â€Å"†¦as long as the problem [of survival] was handled by tradition or command, it never gave rise to that special field of study called ‘economics.’† However, when the market system came into play and overran tradition and command, economics was developed. â€Å"When society no longer obeyed a ruler’s dictates, who was to say where it would end? It was the economists who undertook to explain this puzzle.† Although, it was very possibly not realised back then, it can be said that economics is as old as the first transaction between men. The importance of economics certainly has increased over the years and the role it plays in people’s lives now is greater than it did in the past. However, I believe that economics has always been one of the key components of man’s survival, whether today or 3000BC. Of course in the past people had wants and need just like we do today and therefore the methods, such as trading, that they used to obtain these things fall under the category of economics.

Of Mice and Men Main Question Essay

The question we are focussing on throughout the whole essay, which is the main theme, is whether Curley’s wife is a victim in the story or a tramp. The two different sides of Curley’s wife are hard to determine in Steinbeck’s ‘Mice and Men’, as she tends to swap roles from time to time. At points in the story we have reason to believe that that she is a victim, from the way she feels about Curley and her unattained future, which I will explore further on in the essay. I will also put across my points on how she can be a corrupting tramp by exploring her physical appearance, body language and other characters opinions of her. From Steinbeck’s letter we can see that she couldn’t really trust anyone from a young age because every time she trusted in anyone she got hurt. This shows her innocent side. There are not many points in Steinbeck’s letter that show that she is a corrupting tramp as he tends to mainly focus on her innocent side and he goes through all the times she got hurt and why she got hurt. I will now go on to explain my points in further detail. In this section I will explain how Curley’s wife could be an innocent victim in her life and in the eyes of others. She is the victim of the ‘American Dream’, her desire to go to Hollywood and be an actress, which was a dream that she could not fulfil because of her mother denying her to leave at such a young age. On page 125 she proves that she really could have been an actress by the text stated ‘She made a small grand gesture with her arm and hand to show that she could act. The fingers trailed after her leading wrist, and her little finger stuck out grandly from the rest’. This small quote shows how talented she could have been and it makes you feel heartbroken that she couldn’t fulfil her dream. From then on she has been crestfallen and cannot trust anyone, this shows her innocent side. She was told by a man that he could put her in the movies; she was thrilled as she wanted to be a famous actress and be sexy like Jean Harlow and Marilyn Monroe but when her mother said she couldn’t go she opted for an easier option to get out of where she was by marrying Curley. She says in the text on page 125 ‘I don’t like curley, he aint a nice fella’ which proves that she was forced to get married to him as it was the last option. Because Curley was the easiest and possibly the last option, he didn’t actually love her and just wanted to use her. She knew this and even though he treated her badly, she couldn’t leave him as she did love him. Even if she didn’t she had nowhere else to go so she was basically trapped in her own home. Her life with Curley is miserable which makes her even more upset about not being able to fulfil her dream and have freedom. In the story she confesses to Lennie the one thing that she’s never confessed to anyone, that she doesn’t actually like Curley and that she can’t escape for fear of what might happen. You can see from this that she just needs someone to talk to as she is so lonely and can’t really confide or talk to Curley about anything. The people on the ranch give her the same amount of respect that Curley does. When they call her or see her around the ranch they don’t associate her with her own name, to them she’s just Curley’s wife and they call her ‘Jailbait’ and ‘Good looking’. You can tell she gets frustrated by having no one to talk to when she gets angry on page 123 and says ‘What’s the matter with me? Aint I got a right to talk to nobody? Whatta they think I am anyways?’ In the story we don’t even find out what her name is which shows how much attention she gets for her looks instead of her personality which is where she wants most attention. From this we can see that she just wants someone to talk to. On the other hand there are main features we can see in the text that describe her to seem like a corrupting tramp. Looking at the way Steinbeck describes her physical appearance we can see how at first impressions she would come across as sluttish. For a start, he describes her outfit. On page 53 when she first appears the first impression would definitely come across as tramp- like as he says ‘She had full rouged lips and wide spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. She wore a cotton dress and red mules. On the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers’. The dress and feather shoes give us a glance of how she wants to accentuate her body and her legs and its almost like she’s trying to prove that she could be a famous model and have pictures taken of her if she’d have had the chance to. The colour of the dress and shoes are red which propose danger as we usually approach red as a threatening colour. So from the start we can she that she is going to be trouble for George and especially Lennie due to previous circumstances with him and a girl. Her hair is described as ringlets like ‘sausages’ which is good use of foreshadowing as Lennie is described as an animal, and food is used as bait for animals therefore she literally is ‘Jailbait’. She wears lots of makeup to accentuate her facial features; this is another reason why she could be a corrupting tramp. The first time she walks into the ranch she leans against the door and leans forward to show off her body to Lennie and George, on page 53 Steinbeck states ‘She put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward’. With her accentuated make up and clothing she fails to receive a notice for her feelings and for her emotions and they only concentrate on the way she looks which tells George from the start that she is going to be trouble as she throws herself forward too much for attention. In the way she speaks you can hear the sexiness and huskiness of her voice, as described on page 53 when Steinbeck says ‘Her voice had a nasal, brittle quality’ which shows us that she wants to entice people or entrance them. To conclude I think it is important to include the death scene where Steinbeck describes her as being free and innocent after her death. He describes her in a child like form and finally being beautiful and achieving everything she needed to achieve because she was just in the wrong place at the wrong time. This really finalises my decision for her being innocent because it shows that she really wasn’t ever, or didn’t ever mean to be, a corrupting tramp. Her excuse for wearing slutty and provocative clothes could be because she wanted love and affection which she couldn’t get from her own, broken relationship with Curley. She was just in the wrong place at the wrong time, and it wasn’t her fault. My conclusion is that I think she is innocent because of previous points that I have made and stated.

CPC Portfolio Templates Essays

CPC Portfolio Templates Essays CPC Portfolio Templates Essay CPC Portfolio Templates Essay Therefore, it is necessary for healthcare providers to understand the key elements of PC. This article assess the implementation a concept analysis of PC (definition, concepts and theoretical perspectives). What data or evidence do the authors use to support the hypothesis or quantitative data etc. Figures, summary boxes, case notes to support the articles Patient centered care (PC) consider patients at the centre of health care system Patient is considered as a whole person with physical, psychological and social needs. A critical role of health care professionals is to provide a supportive environment that promotes recovery for patients and it is important for them to learn skills to provide supportive, holistic care. Adequate and appropriate education on PC are required to carry out PC, WI a planned and coordinated approach. Patient centered care (PC) should be understood to be a heather system here patients are considered as a whole person with biological, psychological and social needs. Basic elements such as respect, compassion, concern, shared decision- making and communication are seen very important points. Health professionals need to have a good knowledge Of clinical practice, as well as skills in data gathering, clinical reporting/ documentation, procedures, communication, relationship development to implement PC It is necessary to have a planned and coordinated approach with good staff, teamwork and adequate education healthcare providers to carry out PC. Rationale for choosing this article. Why is this relevant to your literature review in Part B of the portfolio assessment task? This article mentions very clear about definition, models, advantages of patient- centered care (PC) as well as knowledge and skills required in PC which are essential for my review of literature about the concept of person centered care. The content of this article is very clear and was presented in some important points such as data gathering, patient assessment skills, procedures skills, communication skills, relationships skills and so on. And I think they will help or the part analysis of a delegation situation in the case of Ms Beaten. The artificial might also help how to communicate with patients during placement and do the discharge plan for patients Journal article or book chapter summary (3) Recent journal article (2008-2013) or book chapter relevant to person-centered care that will contribute to the literature review in part B Of the portfolio assessment task in this subject. This should NOT be one of the articles used in the enquiry guide. (350 words) Article/book chapter citation: Type of article or book chapter: (Quantitative research/Qualitative research/ Literature review/case study etc. Type of publication: (Journal impact factor, peer review etc. For a book chapter it is part of a book with a specific focus or within a professional issues type book, how authoritative is the book? ) What is the purpose of the article/book chapter? (What question/problem are the authors trying to address? Hypotheses if relevant) quantitative data etc. ) Outline the key points identified in the article/book chapter. Rat ionale for choosing this article/book chapter. Why is this relevant to your literature review in Part B of the portfolio assessment task? NOGGINS Assessment Rubric Criteria Excellent (>80%) very Good (70 79%) Good (60 69%) Fair (50 59%) poor 50%) Mark Journal article review (1) (350 words) 7 marks Part A *peer-reviewed, professionally oriented, within past six years 6 7 marks Journal article appropriate*and relevant to the topic for the literature review (part B). Correct PAP 6 style for citation. Demonstrates an excellent understanding of the purpose, key points and conclusions related to the chosen article. Correct information given for all items. Clear rationale for choice of theatrical with an appropriate depth. Writing was coherent with logical development of key ideas. Arks Demonstrates a very good understanding of the purpose, key points and Rationale for choice Of the article mostly clear and with an appropriate depth. Writing was predominantly coherent with logical development of key ideas. 4 . 5 marks Demonstrates a good understanding of the purpose, key points and conclusions related to the chosen article. Mostly correct informa tion given. Rationale for choice of the article lacks depth and clarity. Writing was mostly coherent with logical development of key ideas. 3. 5 -4. Marks Journal article not be appropriate*or relevant to the topic for the iterate review (part B). Partially correct PAP 6 style for citation. Demonstrates a limited understanding of the purpose, key points and conclusions related to the chosen article. Some correct information given. Rationale for choice of the artillery superficial. Writing had limited coherence and development of key ideas.

How to Find the Aries Constellation

How to Find the Aries Constellation The Aries constellation, one of the oldest-known star patterns, is located right next to the constellation Taurus. Discover how to find Aries and its fascinating deep-sky objects during your next sky-gazing session. Finding Aries Aries is most visible in the month of November. To find Aries, look for a crooked line of three bright stars not too far from the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of Aries lie along the zodiac, the path the Sun and planets appear to follow across the sky during the year. The stars of Aries, plus a galaxy challenge. Carolyn Collins Petersen   History of Aries The name Aries is the Latin word for ram. In the constellation Aries, two stars make up the points of a rams horn. However, this constellation has had a wide range of different interpretations throughout history. The sky pattern was associated with a farmhand in ancient Babylon, a porpoise in the South Pacific, a pair of bureaucrats there in ancient China, and the god Amon-Ra in ancient Egypt. Aries and Meteor Showers Avid skywatchers know Aries from the meteor showers that bear its name and appear to radiate from the constellation at different times throughout the year, including: Delta Arietids (between December 8 and January 2)Autumn Arietids (between September 7 and October 27)Epsilon Arietids (between October 12 and 23)Daytime Arietids (between May 22 and July 2) All of these outbursts of meteors are associated with the material left behind by comets as they make their way around the Sun. Earths orbit intersects the comets paths, and as a result they appear to flow from the constellation Aries.   The official IAU constellation chart for Aries. IAU/Sky Publishing   The Stars of Aries The three brightest stars of Aries constellation are officially called alpha, beta, and gamma Arietis. Their nicknames are Hamal, Sharatan, and Mesarthim, respectively. Hamal is an orange giant star and lies about 66 light-years from Earth. Its about 91 times brighter than our Sun and is around 3.5 billion years old.   Sharatan is a fairly young star, slightly  more massive than the Sun and about a third brighter than our star. It lies nearly 60 light-years away from us. It also has a companion star that is much dimmer and orbits at a distance that still hasnt been determined.   Mesarthim is also a binary star and lies about 165 light-years away from the Sun. There other, fainter stars in Aries, too. For example, 53 Arietis is a runaway star that was violently ejected from the Orion Nebula (at the heart of the constellation Orion) in its youth. Astronomers suspect that a nearby supernova explosion sent this star on its way across space. Aries also has a few stars that are orbited by extrasolar planets.   Deep-sky Objects in Aries Aries contains several deep-sky objects that can be discovered through binoculars or a small telescope. The spiral galaxy NGC 772 in Aries. Adam Block/Mount Lemmon Skycenter/University of Arizona. CC-BY-SA 3.0   Perhaps the most interesting is the spiral galaxy NGC 772, which lies south of Mesarthim, and its companion galaxy, NGC 770. Astronomers refer to NGC 772 as a peculiar galaxy because it appears to have some structures not always seen in regular spiral galaxies. Its a star-forming galaxy and lies about 130 million light-years away.  Its very likely that its interesting shape (with one very bright blue arm prominently displayed) is due to an interaction with its companion. A few other very distant and dim galaxies are scattered throughout Aries, including NGC 821 and Segue 2, which is actually a companion galaxy to the Milky Way.

Article summary and response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Article summary and response - Essay Example that he is against sweatshop exploitation and that it should be a collective moral duty to bring the system to an end or to improve it for the benefit of the workers. Meyers begins the article by detailing the arguments against the exploitation of sweatshop workers. The first argument is quite simple, which is that people believe that exploitation practices such as these are morally wrong and should not be implemented in any workplace. Another argument comes from the philosophy of Kant that states that people should not be used â€Å"as a means but always as an end in itself (Meyers, 2007).† This means that it is immoral for employers to take advantage of workers who are desperate and in need of even the slightest bit of money. Meyers then goes into the idea of a basic golden rule, stating that if an individual would not want to be exploited in such a way, then it should not be right for another person to be similarly exploited. The final point that Meyers brings up in regard to those opposing sweatshop exploitation surrounds the fact that the CEOs of these companies are bringing in millions of dollars per year, while their underpaid employees are only bringing in a couple of dollars each day. As such, it should be the moral responsibility of the CEOs to realize that they are making more than they need to survive, and what is left over should be given to the underprivileged employees. Meyers makes it known that CEOs might find this to be unfair, but Meyers stands by the thought that unfair and doing the right thing will often go hand-in-hand. On the side that favors sweatshop labor and exploitation, the greatest argument about whether or not the system is moral or immoral is that the majority of these workers are not being forced into these jobs. They are not being forced to stay in these positions or to accept the meager pay. Due to this, there is no violation whatsoever of human rights. It is their right to decide if they want to work in a sweatshop or not,

French ban on full face veils Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

French ban on full face veils - Essay Example The ban has been in operation since its enactment in April 2011 and previously let to the arrest of women protesting the conviction of a feminist Russian pussy riot. Wearing of full-face veil is a requirement and practice by the female gender in Muslim religion, and, therefore, imposing a ban on such, would ideally, be an infringement on the rights of the Muslin women’s rights as stated by the critics of such a law. Application of such a law would instead bring about tension among the proponents and the opponents; however, after a year of application, tolerance of both the Muslim women and the police has played a significant role in cooling temperatures of the perceived tension. Indeed, in an era in which terrorism has become a global concern, taking of security measures is crucial aspect, and, as such, France took the initiative of banning the wearing of full-face veil commonly known as niqab as a means of enhancing security. Based on such a perspective, other nations including Belgium and the Dutch are in the process of enacting a similar law that bans the use of full-face veils, especially in public places. Since the law banning the wearing of full-face veil among women was enacted in France, it has resulted in fines warnings by the police who are equally hesitant in the implementation of law citing the tension aspects associated with its full implementation. Most of the women on their part have been cooperative with the police by lifting up their veils upon requests by the police. Such an approach has indeed enhanced peace between the two sides, except for some few cases when conflict seems to erupt between police and some Muslim women. In its initial role, the law banning the wearing of full-face veil involved an aspect of enhancing security and protecting the women from improper accusations and suspicion as terrorists, instead the law seems to have become a prison for a majority of the women, as most prefer to stay indoors as a means of avoiding police

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Annotated Bibliography Example To this end, the author contends that legal sanctions that have been described have not been deterent enough to wage offenders from it. Unlike Rooy (2004) who sees civil liability as the best offence to dishonor of checks, Muntingh prefers a criminal liability. Rooy (2004) has been a practicing international banker for several years. He also doubles as a criminologist. In writing this article therefore, he reviewed some of the international approaches that have been put in place to reduce various crimes associated with financial fraud. In the opinion of the author, a major breakthrough came for international trade when documentary credits were introduced. Unlike Muntingh (2007), Rooy sees the civil liability that has been associated with various forms of trade frauds including the dishonor of checks as highly suitable for the prescribed offences. The author has been a practicing security expert for several years and have had several approved articles published in international journals including the present one. In the current article, the author embraces the documentary credit as a breakthrough for ensuring security with international payment. The reason is that it limits the rate at which traders would have to carry physical cash in the transaction of trade. But in order that the advantages of documentary credit be enjoyed to the maximum, the author, unlike Rooy (2004) assets that there should be the introduction of criminal liabilities all across regions that see checks as Bills of Exchange. Muntingh, J. A. (2007). The Fraud Exception in the Context of Documentary Credits: A Comparative Study of the Remedies in Various Jurisdictions. LL.M dissertation, Journal de Stellenbosch University, ProQuest, 4 (3), 43 -

Assessing Socio Cultural Aspects Of Tourism In Thailand Tourism Essay

Assessing Socio Cultural Aspects Of Tourism In Thailand Tourism Essay Thailand has a big variety of cultures, traditions and natural resources, which makes it very attractive tourist destinations. The culture of Thailand incorporates a great deal of influence from China, Cambodia and India. Thailands national religion Theravada Buddhism is central to modern Thai characteristics and faith. More than a few different ethnic groups from Malaysia, Burma etc populate Thailand and have mediated change between their traditional local culture, national Thai and global cultural influences. In addition, tourism development creates socio-cultural impacts in Thailand both positive and negative. The term socio-cultural impacts refer to associated changes to residents daily life, their values, way of life, artistic and intellectual products, architecture of people and customs. The social and cultural ramifications of tourism necessitate careful consideration because impacts can either become assets or detriments to the Thailand community. The use of culture as a tourist attraction increases support for the traditional Thailand cultures and displays of ethnic identity. It increases also the revitalization of traditional language, arts and festivals. The use of culture to attract tourists increases also conservation of the cultural heritage of Thailand which could otherwise be lost. In addition, it helps the development and maintenance of the theatres, museums and any other cultural facilities. When residents observe tourists appreciating their culture, then a sense of renews and reinforces coming up to them. The direct contact between residents and tourists can lead on a breakdown of negative stereotypes and increase social opportunities. Moreover, gives an opportunity for cross- cultural exchange between the residents and the tourists who learn about one anothers culture. This direct contact with foreign people offers to residents the opportunity to meet people, learn about the world and expose themselves to new perspectives. This experience of different cultures broadens horizons and increases the appreciation of different ways of living. Tourism creates changes in economic structure and jobs resulting in changes in social rules. It generates new social and economic opportunities to locals resulting in decrease of social inequity. Furthermore, improves the living standards of residents. It gives to the community money for improvement facilities and services. The development of tourist facilities like hotels, restaurants etc increased recreational opportunities. Generally, tourism improves the quality of life in an area by increasing the number of attractions, services and recreation opportunities. Despite its positive effects Tourism has and negative consequences for the socio-cultural life of Thailand. Tourism generally can cause change or totally loss of local identity and values of the host country. This can be made by: a) Commodification. The increased number of tourists who visit Thailand can turn their cultures into commodities when traditional ethnic rites, religious rituals and festivals are reduced and sanitized in order to meet tourists expectations. Once Thailand is sold as a tourist destination, a tourism product, the supply of arts, souvenirs, entertainment to tourists is a necessity, and vital changes in residents values may occur. Finally, people will not more respect the sacred sites and objects as they are perceive them as goods to trade. b)Standardization. Thailand may risk standardization while trying to satisfy tourists demand for familiarity, concerning the facilities of the destination. Landscape, hotels and all the accommodation facilities, food and drinks, must meet the tourists need for the new. At the same time they must not be too new because most tourists are looking for more familiar things. They actually are looking for recognizable facilities in the new environment. Even in Thailand people looking hotel chains to be accommodated and famous restaurants for their food. c) Loss of authenticity and staged authenticity. By adapting cultural expressions to the tastes of tourists or even performing shows as if they were real life constitutes staged authenticity. The fact that tourists desire a glimpse of Thailands atmosphere, taste and a glance of their life, without knowledge, staging must be expected. d) Adaptation to tourist demands. Tourists that visit Thailand they want to buy souvenirs, arts and any cultural manifestations but in the most cases craftsmen are changing the design of them in order to bring them more in line with the customers tastes. Moreover, the interest shown by tourists, contributes to the self-worth of the artists and helps conserve a cultural tradition. Cultural erosion may occur because of the commodification of cultural goods. Culture clashes can take place in Thailand because of the diversity of tourists with different cultures, religion, languages, values and levels of propensity. That can leads on an overexploitation of the social carrying capacity and cultural carrying capacity that are the limits of acceptable change in the culture and social life of the host community. The attitude of Thailand residents towards tourism development may unfold through apathy, irritation and potentially antagonism, instead of welcome, when anti-tourist attitudes begin growing among local people. Cultural clashes may further arise through: Economic inequality. Many tourists that visit Thailand come from societies with different lifestyle than the local people. Being on holidays they seeking pleasure, they spend a lot of money and they treat in a ways that even they would not accept at home. The local people as they also need pleasure in their life they may develop a sort of copying of this behaviour. Irritation due to tourist behaviour. Sometimes people visiting Thailand failed to respect their customs and their moral values, out of ignorance or careless and local people feel irritated with this attitude. Job level friction. A huge number of hotel chains and restaurants in Thailand employee foreign people, with more professional skills and training than locals have, in the higher level jobs. This cause friction and locals usually feel irritated and the gap between the cultures increases. Ethical issues Crime generation- The growth of tourism in Thailand increases the crime rates, like in any other county with a mass tourism. Tourists usually carry on them cameras, jewellery and a big amount of money that make them attractive to the thieves. Thailand has the highest death rate of any nation for Britons on holiday, some 224 Britons died in Thailand between April 2005 and March 2006. Child labour- Young children are employed in jobs in the tourism sector with low pay. The most jobs in this sector have working conditions like long hours, unstable employment, little training and poor chances for qualification. Prostitution and sex tourism. Generally, the sexual exploitation of children is a worldwide phenomenon but in Asia is more prevalent than elsewhere. The exact number of child-prostitutes in Thailand is not known, but Thailands Research Institute reports that children in prostitution make up 40% of prostitutes in Thailand. It is a major destination for tourists from the Western World who travel to this country to have sex with prostitutes. The huge economic disparities between Thai locals and the Western tourists contribute to the proliferation of sex tourism to Thailand. Children are exploited in sex establishments and are also approached directly in the street by tourists seeking sexual contact. Thailand is also a top destination for victims of human trafficking and a major source of trafficked persons.

In the Eyes of Our Youth :: essays research papers

In an empty parking lot, night streetlights shining in the back ground. She looks simple, like you’re next door neighbor. Wearing jeans low on the waist, with a small tank top, showing her midriff. A young woman, about 20 with her arms crossed, and a look on her face that says she’s tough, she can take it. Her looks are appealing to the casual observer; She seems to be waiting for something, or someone, as she slightly leans on the back of the only car in the lot. â€Å"Dangerously Low, LEVI’S low-rise jeans,† says the ad, there are many things odd about it. In many ways this add sticks out from the rest, most commonly ads contain perfect looking girls with their makeup done, and hair, in model perfection. But her look is simple and everyday, she would not stick out in a crowd. There are mixed messages in the ad, some are more obvious then others. Its an ad based on common ground, the obvious message, is that any girl can wear Levi's. But why stick her in an empty parking lot, at night with streetlights shining in the distance, mostly likely because that's what young people do when their bored hang around parking lots. This ad is aimed at young girls, not any specific age really but mostly geared towards 14 year olds and up. But why say dangerously low, in a way its telling us if you want to be dangerous, wear low-rise jeans and you too will look like her. Sexy and vulnerable. A young women alone at night, makes her more dangerous, and â€Å"cool†. Especially in a parking lot, which can be one of the scariest places for women, alone at night. They chose her look to be simple, she doesn’t intimidate you, and she’s not based on perfection. Just an ordinary night out on the town, it’s the kind of shot that doesn’t look professional, but more random. You could just imagine having seen a girl like that in any parking lot in America. Even her jewelry is common, in fact you barely notice the jeans, until your reminded it’s a Levi’s ad. Her arms crossed betrays her tough look, basically any girl alone in a parking lot at night is vulnerable. The very fact that young people consider, just being out driving to be fun, its assumed by the advertisers that every girl at least in some point in there lives has been out cruising. In the Eyes of Our Youth :: essays research papers In an empty parking lot, night streetlights shining in the back ground. She looks simple, like you’re next door neighbor. Wearing jeans low on the waist, with a small tank top, showing her midriff. A young woman, about 20 with her arms crossed, and a look on her face that says she’s tough, she can take it. Her looks are appealing to the casual observer; She seems to be waiting for something, or someone, as she slightly leans on the back of the only car in the lot. â€Å"Dangerously Low, LEVI’S low-rise jeans,† says the ad, there are many things odd about it. In many ways this add sticks out from the rest, most commonly ads contain perfect looking girls with their makeup done, and hair, in model perfection. But her look is simple and everyday, she would not stick out in a crowd. There are mixed messages in the ad, some are more obvious then others. Its an ad based on common ground, the obvious message, is that any girl can wear Levi's. But why stick her in an empty parking lot, at night with streetlights shining in the distance, mostly likely because that's what young people do when their bored hang around parking lots. This ad is aimed at young girls, not any specific age really but mostly geared towards 14 year olds and up. But why say dangerously low, in a way its telling us if you want to be dangerous, wear low-rise jeans and you too will look like her. Sexy and vulnerable. A young women alone at night, makes her more dangerous, and â€Å"cool†. Especially in a parking lot, which can be one of the scariest places for women, alone at night. They chose her look to be simple, she doesn’t intimidate you, and she’s not based on perfection. Just an ordinary night out on the town, it’s the kind of shot that doesn’t look professional, but more random. You could just imagine having seen a girl like that in any parking lot in America. Even her jewelry is common, in fact you barely notice the jeans, until your reminded it’s a Levi’s ad. Her arms crossed betrays her tough look, basically any girl alone in a parking lot at night is vulnerable. The very fact that young people consider, just being out driving to be fun, its assumed by the advertisers that every girl at least in some point in there lives has been out cruising.

My Lord the Baby – a Story by Rabindra Nath Tagore on the Case of Rai Charann

I Raicharan was twelve years old when he came as a servant to his master's house. He belonged to the same caste as his master, and was given his master's little son to nurse. As time went on the boy left Raicharan's arms to go to school. From school he went on to college, and after college he entered the judicial service. Always, until he married, Raicharan was his sole attendant. But, when a mistress came into the house, Raicharan found two masters instead of one. All his former influence passed to the new mistress. This was compensated for by a fresh arrival. Anukul had a son born to him, and Raicharan by his unsparing attentions soon got a complete hold over the child. He used to toss him up in his arms, call to him in absurd baby language, put his face close to the baby's and draw it away again with a grin. Presently the child was able to crawl and cross the doorway. When Raicharan went to catch him, he would scream with mischievous laughter and make for safety. Raicharan was amazed at the profound skill and exact judgment the baby showed when pursued. He would say to his mistress with a look of awe and mystery: â€Å"Your son will be a judge some day. † New wonders came in their turn. When the baby began to toddle, that was to Raicharan an epoch in human history. When he called his father Ba-ba and his mother Ma-ma and Raicharan Chan-na, then Raicharan's ecstasy knew no bounds. He went out to tell the news to all the world. After a while Raicharan was asked to show his ingenuity in other ways. He had, for instance, to play the part of a horse, holding the reins between his teeth and prancing with his feet. He had also to wrestle with his little charge, and if he could not, by a wrestler's trick, fall on his back defeated at the end, a great outcry was certain. About this time Anukul was transferred to a district on the banks of the Padma. On his way through Calcutta he bought his son a little go-cart. He bought him also a yellow satin waistcoat, a gold-laced cap, and some gold bracelets and anklets. Raicharan was wont to take these out, and put them on his little charge with ceremonial pride, whenever they went for a walk. Then came the rainy season, and day after day the rain poured down in torrents. The hungry river, like an enormous serpent, swallowed down terraces, villages, cornfields, and covered with its flood the tall grasses and wild casuarinas on the sand-banks. From time to time there was a deep thud, as the river-banks crumbled. The unceasing roar of the rain current could be beard from far away. Masses of foam, carried swiftly past, proved to the eye the swiftness of the stream. One afternoon the rain cleared. It was cloudy, but cool and bright. Raicharan's little despot did not want to stay in on such a fine afternoon. His lordship climbed into the go-cart. Raicharan, between the shafts, dragged him slowly along till he reached the rice-fields on the banks of the river. There was no one in the fields, and no boat on the stream. Across the water, on the farther side, the clouds were rifted in the west. The silent ceremonial of the setting sun was revealed in all its glowing splendour. In the midst of that stillness the child, all of a sudden, pointed with his finger in front of him and cried: â€Å"Chan-nal Pitty fow. † Close by on a mud-flat stood a large Kadamba tree in full flower. My lord, the baby, looked at it with greedy eyes, and Raicharan knew his meaning. Only a short time before he had made, out of these very flower balls, a small go-cart; and the child had been so entirely happy dragging it about with a string, that for the whole day Raicharan was not made to put on the reins at all. He was promoted from a horse into a groom. But Raicharan had no wish that evening to go splashing knee-deep through the mud to reach the flowers. So he quickly pointed his finger in the opposite direction, calling out: â€Å"Oh, look, baby, look! Look at the bird. † And with all sorts of curious noises he pushed the go-cart rapidly away from the tree. But a child, destined to be a judge, cannot be put off so easily. And besides, there was at the time nothing to attract his eyes. And you cannot keep up for ever the pretence of an imaginary bird. The little Master's mind was made up, and Raicharan was at his wits' end. â€Å"Very well, baby,† he said at last, â€Å"you sit still in the cart, and I'll go and get you the pretty flower. Only mind you don't go near the water. † As he said this, he made his legs bare to the knee, and waded through the oozing mud towards the tree. The moment Raicharan had gone, his little Master went off at racing speed to the forbidden water. The baby saw the river rushing by, splashing and gurgling as it went. It seemed as though the disobedient wavelets themselves were running away from some greater Raicharan with the laughter of a thousand children. At the sight of their mischief, the heart of the human child grew excited and restless. He got down stealthily from the go-cart and toddled off towards the river. On his way he picked up a small stick, and leant over the bank of the stream pretending to fish. The mischievous fairies of the river with their mysterious voices seemed inviting him into their play-house. Raicharan had plucked a handful of flowers from the tree, and was carrying them back in the end of his cloth, with his face wreathed in smiles. But when he reached the go-cart, there was no one there. He looked on all sides and there was no one there. He looked back at the cart and there was no one there. In that first terrible moment his blood froze within him. Before his eyes the whole universe swam round like a dark mist. From the depth of his broken heart he gave one piercing cry; â€Å"Master, Master, little Master. † But no voice answered â€Å"Chan-na. † No child laughed mischievously back; no scream of baby delight welcomed his return. Only the river ran on, with its splashing, gurgling noise as before,–as though it knew nothing at all, and had no time to attend to such a tiny human event as the death of a child. As the evening passed by Raicharan's mistress became very anxious. She sent men out on all sides to search. They went with lanterns in their hands, and reached at last the banks of the Padma. There they found Raicharan rushing up and down the fields, like a stormy wind, shouting the cry of despair: â€Å"Master, Master, little Master! † When they got Raicharan home at last, he fell prostrate at his mistress's feet. They shook him, and questioned him, and asked him repeatedly where he had left the child; but all he could say was, that he knew nothing. Though every one held the opinion that the Padma had swallowed the child, there was a lurking doubt left in the mind. For a band of gipsies had been noticed outside the village that afternoon, and some suspicion rested on them. The mother went so far in her wild grief as to think it possible that Raicharan himself had stolen the child. She called him aside with piteous entreaty and said: â€Å"Raicharan, give me back my baby. Oh ! ive me back my child. Take from me any money you ask, but give me back my child! † Raicharan only beat his forehead in reply. His mistress ordered him out of the house. Artukul tried to reason his wife out of this wholly unjust suspicion: â€Å"Why on earth,† he said, â€Å"should he commit such a crime as that? † The mother only replied: â€Å"The baby had gold ornaments on his body. Who knows? â₠¬  It was impossible to reason with her after that. II Raicharan went back to his own village. Up to this time he had had no son, and there was no hope that any child would now be born to him. But it came about before the end of a year that his wife gave birth to a son and died. All overwhelming resentment at first grew up in Raicharan's heart at the sight of this new baby. At the back of his mind was resentful suspicion that it had come as a usurper in place of the little Master. He also thought it would be a grave offence to be happy with a son of his own after what had happened to his master's little child. Indeed, if it had not been for a widowed sister, who mothered the new baby, it would not have lived long. But a change gradually came over Raicharan's mind. A wonderful thing happened. This new baby in turn began to crawl about, and cross the doorway with mischief in its face. It also showed an amusing cleverness in making its escape to safety. Its voice, its sounds of laughter and tears, its gestures, were those of the little Master. On some days, when Raicharan listened to its crying, his heart suddenly began thumping wildly against his ribs, and it seemed to him that his former little Master was crying somewhere in the unknown land of death because he had lost his Chan-na. Phailna (for that was the name Raicharan's sister gave to the new baby) soon began to talk. It learnt to say Ba-ba and Ma-ma with a baby accent. When Raicharan heard those familiar sounds the mystery suddenly became clear. The little Master could not cast off the spell of his Chan-na, and therefore he had been reborn in his own house. The arguments in favour of this were, to Raicharan, altogether beyond dispute: (i. ) The new baby was born soon after his little master's death. (ii. ) His wife could never have accumulated such merit as to give birth to a son in middle age. (iii. ) The new baby walked with a toddle and called out Ba-ba and Ma- ma. There was no sign lacking which marked out the future judge. Then suddenly Raicharan remembered that terrible accusation of the mother. â€Å"Ah,† he said to himself with amazement, â€Å"the mother's heart was right. She knew I had stolen her child. † When once he had come to this conclusion, he was filled with remorse for his past neglect. He now gave himself over, body and soul, to the new baby, and became its devoted attendant. He began to bring it up, as if it were the son of a rich man. He bought a go-cart, a yellow satin waistcoat, and a gold- embroidered cap. He melted down the ornaments of his dead wife, and made gold bangles and anklets. He refused to let the little child play with any one of the neighbourhood, and became himself its sole companion day and night. As the baby grew up to boyhood, he was so petted and spoilt and clad in such finery that the village children would call him â€Å"Your Lordship,† and jeer at him; and older people regarded Raicharan as unaccountably crazy about the child. At last the time came for the boy to go to school. Raicharan sold his small piece of land, and went to Calcutta. There he got employment with great difficulty as a servant, and sent Phailna to school. He spared no pains to give him the best education, the best clothes, the best food. Meanwhile he lived himself on a mere handful of rice, and would say in secret: â€Å"Ah! my little Master, my dear little Master, you loved me so much that you came back to my house. You shall never suffer from any neglect of mine. † Twelve years passed away in this manner. The boy was able to read and write well. He was bright and healthy and good-looking. He paid a great deal of attention to his personal appearance, and was specially careful in parting his hair. He was inclined to extravagance and finery, and spent money freely. He could never quite look on Raicharan as a father, because, though fatherly in affection, he had the manner of a servant. A further fault was this, that Raicharan kept secret from every one that himself was the father of the child. The students of the hostel, where Phailna was a boarder, were greatly amused by Raicharan's country manners, and I have to confess that behind his father's back Phailna joined in their fun. But, in the bottom of their hearts, all the students loved the innocent and tender-hearted old man, and Phailna was very fond of him also. But, as I have said before, he loved him with a kind of condescension. Raicharan grew older and older, and his employer was continually finding fault with him for his incompetent work. He had been starving himself for the boy's sake. So he had grown physically weak, and no longer up to his work. He would forget things, and his mind became dull and stupid. But his employer expected a full servant's work out of him, and would not brook excuses. The money that Raicharan had brought with him from the sale of his land was exhausted. The boy was continually grumbling about his clothes, and asking for more money. Raicharan made up his mind. He gave up the situation where he was working as a servant, and left some money with Phailna and said: â€Å"I have some business to do at home in my village, and shall be back soon. † He went off at once to Baraset where Anukul was magistrate. Anukul's wife was still broken down with grief. She had had no other child. One day Anukul was resting after a long and weary day in court. His wife was buying, at an exorbitant price, a herb from a mendicant quack, which was said to ensure the birth of a child. A voice of greeting was heard in the courtyard. Anukul went out to see who was there. It was Raicharan. Anukul's heart was softened when he saw his old servant. He asked him many questions, and offered to take him back into service. Raicharan smiled faintly, and said in reply; â€Å"I want to make obeisance to my mistress. † Anukul went with Raicharan into the house, where the mistress did not receive him as warmly as his old master. Raicharan took no notice of this, but folded his hands, and said: â€Å"It was not the Padma that stole your baby. It was I. † Anukul exclaimed: â€Å"Great God! Eh! What! Where is he ? â€Å"Raicharan replied: â€Å"He is with me, I will bring him the day after to-morrow. † It was Sunday. There was no magistrate's court sitting. Both husband and wife were looking expectantly along the road, waiting from early morning for Raicharan's appearance. At ten o'clock he came, leading Phailna by the hand. Anukul's wife, without a question, took the boy into her lap, and was wild with ex citement, sometimes laughing, sometimes weeping, touching him, kissing his hair and his forehead, and gazing into his face with hungry, eager eyes. The boy was very good-looking and dressed like a gentleman's son. The heart of Anukul brimmed over with a sudden rush of affection. Nevertheless the magistrate in him asked: â€Å"Have you any proofs? â€Å"Raicharan said: â€Å"How could there be any proof of such a deed? God alone knows that I stole your boy, and no one else in the world. † When Anukul saw how eagerly his wife was clinging to the boy, he realised the futility of asking for proofs. It would be wiser to believe. And then–where could an old man like Raicharan get such a boy from? And why should his faithful servant deceive him for nothing? â€Å"But,† he added severely, â€Å"Raicharan, you must not stay here. † â€Å"Where shall I go, Master? † said Raicharan, in a choking voice, folding his hands; â€Å"I am old. Who will take in an old man as a servant? † The mistress said: â€Å"Let him stay. My child will be pleased. I forgive him. † But Anukul's magisterial conscience would not allow him. â€Å"No,† he said, â€Å"he cannot be forgiven for what he has done. † Raicharan bowed to the ground, and clasped Anukul's feet. â€Å"Master,† he cried, â€Å"let me stay. It was not I who did it. It was God. Anukul's conscience was worse stricken than ever, when Raicharan tried to put the blame on God's shoulders. â€Å"No,† he said, â€Å"I could not allow it. I cannot trust you any more. You have done an act of treachery. † Raicharan rose to his feet and said: â€Å"It was not I who did it. â €  â€Å"Who was it then? † asked Anukul. Raicharan replied: â€Å"It was my fate. † But no educated man could take this for an excuse. Anukul remained obdurate. When Phailna saw that he was the wealthy magistrate's son, and not Raicharan's, be was angry at first, thinking that he had been cheated all this time of his birthright. But seeing Raicharan in distress, he generously said to his father: â€Å"Father, forgive him. Even if you don't let him live with us, let him have a small monthly pension. † After hearing this, Raicharan did not utter another word. He looked for the last time on the face of his son; he made obeisance to his old master and mistress. Then he went out, and was mingled with the numberless people of the world. At the end of the month Anukul sent him some money to his village. But the money came back. There was no one there of the name of Raicharan.

Nations and Nationalities in Europe

Rule by the people and for the people. This is a common phrase used by many today to describe the  variety of democratic political institutions found all over the globe today. While nearly all  democracies outside of Europe model the beginnings of their form of government to the United  States and more specifically   to the U.S. Constitution, for democracies within Europe, the beginnings  are traced even farther back in time   to embrace two different traditions. One of these traditions  being the English Constitution primarily involving the Magna Carta, and the other tradition  revolving around the French Revolution. In comparing these two as to which has ultimately proved stronger as the base for popular rule and  why, one can discern that the French revolutionary tradition has accomplished this for two reasons.  The first reason being due to the fact of it being more recent in historical context. Such an important  event having occurred less than 300 years ago has more relevance in the minds of many political  thinkers in our modern era than a similar event which occurred nearly 800 years ago. Mankind tends  to believe that his ideas improve over time and thus the later the idea, the better the idea it is. The second reason for the French tradition being the base for most forms of popular rule today is due  to it truly identifying and involving the three classes of the populace the aristocracy, middle-class,  and poor, back then as it does today, in the political and economic process of society. While both  traditions sought to limit the power of the monarch from being absolute over its subjects, it was the  French revolution which gave a strong voice to those neither rich nor poor. The English tradition on  the other hand, primarily involved the nobility and the monarch, much like a dispute being settled  today between the millionaires on one side and the billionaires on the other. Today, like in the late  18th century during the time of the French revolution, in most advanced and developing democratic  societies, the vast majority of the citizenry fall in the middle. Thus, it is their political interests and   perspectives which influence political discussion and change, just as it did  nearly 300 years ago.